DESCRIPTION

The strtoul() function converts the initial part of the string in nptr to an unsigned long int value according to the given base, which must be between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.

The string may begin with an arbitrary amount of white space (as determined by isspace(3)) followed by a single optional '+' or '−' sign. If base is zero or 16, the string may then include a "0x" prefix, and the number will be read in base 16; otherwise, a zero base is taken as 10 (decimal) unless the next character is '0', in which case it is taken as 8 (octal).

The remainder of the string is converted to an unsigned long int value in the obvious manner, stopping at the first character which is not a valid digit in the given base. (In bases above 10, the letter 'A' in either upper or lower case represents 10, 'B' represents 11, and so forth, with 'Z' representing 35.)

If endptr is not NULL, strtoul() stores the address of the first invalid character in *endptr. If there were no digits at all, strtoul() stores the original value of nptr in *endptr (and returns 0). In particular, if *nptr is not '\0' but **endptr is '\0' on return, the entire string is valid.

The strtoull() function works just like the strtoul() function but returns an unsigned long long int value.

RETURN VALUE

The strtoul() function returns either the result of the conversion or, if there was a leading minus sign, the negation of the result of the conversion represented as an unsigned value, unless the original (non-negated) value would overflow; in the latter case, strtoul() returns ULONG_MAX and sets the global variable errno to ERANGE. Precisely the same holds for strtoull() (with ULLONG_MAX instead of ULONG_MAX).

ERRORS

The implementation may also set errno to EINVAL in case no conversion was performed (no digits seen, and 0 returned).

CONFORMING TO

strtoul() conforms to SVr4, C89, C99 and POSIX-2001, and strtoull() to C99 and POSIX.1-2001.

NOTES

Since strtoul() can legitimately return 0 or LONG_MAX (LLONG_MAX for strtoull()) on both success and failure, the calling program should set errno to 0 before the call, and then determine if an error occurred by checking whether errno has a nonzero value after the call.

In locales other than the "C" locale, other strings may be accepted. (For example, the thousands separator of the current locale may be supported.)

BSD also has

with completely analogous definition. Depending on the wordsize of the current architecture, this may be equivalent to strtoull() or to strtoul().

Negative values are considered valid input and are silently converted to the equivalent unsigned long int value.

EXAMPLE

See the example on the strtol(3) manual page; the use of the functions described in this manual page is similar.

SEE ALSO

atof(3), atoi(3), atol(3), strtod(3), strtol(3)